"The dispute of Saint Catherine of Alexandria " (see details) (see related A | B), 1525 Jan Provoost (1462-1529) Art Museum, Rotterdam, Netherlands

Saint Catherine, some say, there is no evidence she existed and to some degree the Vatican took steps to tone down her worship as a saint. Christian traditions assert she disputed with "pagan" scholars theological matters and converted some of them to her faith - refused the emperor advances to be his spouse and was beheaded when she was about 18 years old. 

Note the dwarf or short stature person on the lower left - see details for further comments.